「行拳十路」說明 Notes On Hang Kuen Sup Lo (Walking Fist 10 Sections)

　　鷹爪翻子門，套拳、兵器、套拳對拆、兵器對拆，加起來逾八十套（不計武舞）；精華中之精華，為「連拳五十路」、「行拳十路」、「梨花槍」，那是鷹爪翻子門的「三大絕技」。太師公陳子正生前，對此三大絕技之承傳，最為懸心，1915年應劉鳳池之邀從北平赴黑龍江任教鷹爪拳的兩年間，編定《拳術摘要》一書，內收「連拳」（未精簡為五十路）及「梨花槍」之圖譜、說明。1924年，陳子正更親自演示「連拳五十路」、「行拳十路」，由精於攝影的弟子李佩弦（李宗文，1892-1985）拍下照片「凡千餘幀」[1]。鷹爪翻子門近百年來最負盛名[2]、最受尊崇的「鷹爪王」親自演示兩大絕技的照片，毫無疑問，為本門有史以來最為珍貴的文化遺產。從那些照片可見，陳子正的鷹爪拳，馬步沉雄，爪勁凌厲，法度精嚴，爐火純青，每一式均在累積的實戰經驗、對武學的精思深究中提純，讓人細品出極為罕有的武藝「味道」。其演示「行拳」第三路之「迎門跺腳」，腿勁橐然之聲，破紙而出。至其鷹爪，鋒銳如鐵，老辣虬曲，單是叼手，就不下十種，或曲臂，或直臂；或劃中圓，或劃小圓；或運用弧形篩力，或以陰寸力橫撕；或摔腕封壓，更有獨創而罕傳之叼手，變化多端。甚至一個拳頭的微仰，也是學問、心法所在，令人歎為觀止。

　　陳子正《行拳十路》，於1927年8月30日在上海《精武畫報》第二期開始連載，可惜因戰事影響，至三十年代初仍未刊完，只刊登了三分之二。這批材料發表時，陳子正仍在世，每期均署：「授技　陳子正；筆述　黃維慶；製圖考證　李明德、李佩弦」。黃維慶、李明德、李佩弦，為陳子正當年得意弟子。黃維慶對「行拳」的解說，涉及爪、拳、掌、步、腿、動作、用法、練法、心法、提示等，異常精深。由此可知，陳子正傳授鷹爪拳時，解說極為透徹。其「行拳」完美的典範演示，加上黃維慶的精深筆述，結合李明德、李佩弦的嚴謹製圖考證，誠是鷹爪翻子門的「武學寶庫」，更是「行拳」最權威的版本。可惜這批差不多九十年前的珍貴史料，幾乎「迷失」於時間之中，今天的門人，知之者不多，看過、研究過的少之又少；而「行拳十路」在門人間一代一代流傳，近百年後，不少動作已然異化[3]，法度失落。

　　1986年，李佩弦、簡世鏗編著的《鷹爪派翻子門十路行拳》出版，由李佩弦的公子李家駒作套路演示。李佩弦手握陳子正「行拳十路」照片[4]及《精武畫報》「行拳」的連載材料，指導李家駒的動作演示處處參照陳子正的動作演示，存真度頗高，而文字，前三分二則主要參照黃維慶的筆述，或把文言改為白話；或把較難理解的用字改為較易理解的用字，如第一路改「外扔」為「外引」，第五路改「踊步跺腳」為「躍步蹬腳」；或補充黃維慶個別動作的筆述，如第二路之「摔腕叼手」強調純以腕力劃小圈，當然也有他個人的研究心得。《鷹爪派翻子門十路行拳》為目前同類著作，以及網上形形式式的「行拳」打法中，最接近陳子正打法的版本，極具參考價值。

　　關於「行拳十路」的創編、特點，說明如下：

1.          據陳國慶之子陳正躍（陳正耀，1933-2009）所言，「行拳十路」由陳子正創編。他說：「1919年，陳子正在上海精武會任教期間，以翻子拳的四個硬趟子『五攔拳』、『獨蟒出岸』、『五肘四持』、『搏撕』為基礎，吸收『岳氏鷹手』的一些技法，編成鷹爪十路行拳。」[5]

2.          「行」字，《韻會》：「从彳，左步。从亍，右步也。左右步俱舉，而後爲行者也。」可見「行拳」的命名，突出與雙足的關係。「行拳十路」不僅採來回的直線行走結構組織動作，還極為重視「腿法」的鍛鍊。「連拳」重左右手連續不斷、密如雨的攻防，只有第五十路「前後跐腿」才有腿法；而「行拳十路」的創編，則有意加強腿法的訓練，在第二至七路及第九路加入大量實而不華的腿法，如第三路「迎門跺腳」、「側身跺腳」、「撩陰腿」的連環三腳，便甚具特色。

3.          「連拳」重「用」，「行拳」重「練」，尤其重高低起伏的鍛鍊。因而每一路的轉身挎肘，都不作弓式轉身，而要伏身「仆腿」，再聳身衝拳，既練仆腿，亦練高低起伏之捷。通過種種訓練，要練至「身靈」、「步輕」、「功強」。又如第五路之「踊步跺腳」，躍起的蹬腿極高，腿筋不夠鬆、腿勁不足的學員便需加倍鍛鍊，而用時則為跺敵之脅，不需全力高跺，是謂「大練而小用」。又如第一路之「雙肘夾肋式」、「一字平拳式」，「更純為練法，其目的在活潑肩膊，發展三角筋和大胸筋，而致用不與焉」[6]。

4.          像許多門派的套拳一樣，「行拳」某些招式的用法，刻意隱藏或以練法遮蔽，師父不主動解說，徒弟不易發現，旁人更難知悉。例如第五路「插步單推」，第六路「摔身法」、「盤肘」，第十路「閃展」等。練者不知真正用法，也就難以準確發勁，變化力點。

5.          鷹爪拳之發勁，講求「陰、陽、剛、柔、彈、寸、脆」七力混合，靈活變化，「最忌使猛力及使全力。力猛則易為人制，用盡全力則難退難收」[7]。如「行拳」第一路之「砸肘」，用陰脆二力；第二路之「摔腕叼手」，用柔陰寸力；第六路「蓋馬三拳」用陰陽剛脆力；第八路「翻拳」用彈力；第二路「橫按掌」，先出以柔力，借彼之力，順彼之勢，而突發陰寸之掌力擊敵腹部。練習「行拳十路」，須特別注意七力之變化運用，由此培養對鷹爪拳的發勁意識和用勁能力。

6.          「行拳十路」之演練「多以靜制動、以柔制剛、剛中有柔、柔中有剛、順勁黏走，擊人於舊力已過、新力未發之間」[8]。陳子正說：「鷹爪拳以氣為主，以血為輔，蓋氣為血之先導，氣充則血暢；血為養份之媒，故血盛則體健。如單練外而不練內，則難收實用之效。」[9]因此，抱志苦練鷹爪拳者，必須同時修練鷹爪派的爪功和氣功，如「百把功」、「點石功」、「仰臥功」、「睡功」、「固精斂氣功」、「托天功」、「壯腰闊肺功」、「堅臂功」、「鐵掌功」、「駢肋功」、「千斤鐵膊功」、「活腰堅腹功」等。上述爪功與氣功的訓練方法，見陳子正《拳術摘要》一書。

7.          陳子正堂侄徒陳國慶，在「行拳十路」之上，增加了二路，變成十二路。主要是把連拳「葉裡藏花」、「後插步」、「順風掃葉」、「貼身靠打」、「護肘插掌」等動作，融入新增的拳路。「行拳十二路」在陳國慶門人之間流傳。

8.          本網誌上載的「行拳十路」，悉依陳子正打法；部分動作，輔以陳子正相關照片，以供參考。各路說明文字，大部分直接抄錄或間接引用《精武畫報》黃維慶對《行拳》的筆述，以及李佩弦、簡世鏗編著的《鷹爪派翻子門十路行拳》的內容，不再一一註明；小部分為個人多年來研習「行拳」的體會。

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[1] 見〈李序〉（李宗文先生序），劉法孟編著：《鷹爪一百零八擒拿術》（香港：麒麟圖書公司，1981年）。

[2] 李英昂說：「陳子正氏民初曾威震全國。」見〈李序〉（李英昂先生序），劉法孟編著：《鷹爪一百零八擒拿術》。

[3] 任何武術，經過一段時間流傳，必然異化，這是自然之勢。如能優化故學，精益求精，推陳出新；只要合乎拳理，都應該得到尊重。

[4] 1982年6月，我和兩位師弟多次登門拜訪李佩弦師叔公。師叔公翻出貼有陳子正「行拳十路」照片的本子，放在書桌上供我們翻看、拍照。那是黑色的本子，每頁貼三幀陳子正「行拳」照片，十路照片齊全。

[5] 見陳正躍：《鷹爪拳》（北京：中國人民公安大學出版社，2009年），頁2。

[6] 黃維慶筆述，《行拳第一路》，上海：《精武畫報》，第五期，1927年10月15日。

[7] 〈陳子正論拳法〉之〈交手論〉，見陳國慶演述、張星一整理：《鷹爪翻子拳》（石家庄：河北教育出版社，1988年），頁381。

[8] 李佩弦、簡世鏗：〈鷹爪派翻子門的技術特點和要求〉，見《鷹爪派翻子門十路行拳》（北京：人民體育出版社，1986年），頁9。

[9] 《鷹爪派翻子門十路行拳》，頁9。

Notes on Hang Kuen

  Yingzhao Fanzi Men’s "Ten-Route Walking Fist": A Precious Legacy* 

 

The Yingzhao Fanzi Men system comprises over 80 sets of forms, including barehanded routines, weapon forms, barehanded combat drills, and weapon sparring sequences (excluding martial dances). Among these, the most refined and essential techniques are the "Fifty Sequences of Continuous Fist" (連拳五十路), "Ten-Route Walking Fist" (行拳十路), and "Pear Blossom Spear" (梨花槍)—collectively known as the "Three Great Masteries" of Yingzhao Fanzi Men. Grandmaster Chen Zizheng (1878–1933) was deeply concerned with preserving these three core skills during his lifetime. 

 

In 1915, at the invitation of Liu Fengchi, Chen traveled from Beijing to Heilongjiang to teach Yingzhao Quan (Eagle Claw Fist). During his two-year stay, he compiled Summary of Boxing Techniques (Quanshu Zhaiyao), which included diagrams and explanations for the "Continuous Fist" (before it was streamlined into fifty sequences) and the "Pear Blossom Spear." In 1924, Chen personally demonstrated the "Fifty Sequences of Continuous Fist" and "Ten-Route Walking Fist," which were photographed by his disciple Li Peixian (Li Zongwen, 1892–1985), an expert photographer, resulting in "over a thousand images" [1]. These photographs of the most renowned "Eagle Claw King" of the past century demonstrating two of the system’s greatest masterpieces are undoubtedly the most precious cultural heritage in the history of Yingzhao Fanzi Men. 

 

From these photos, one can observe Chen Zizheng’s impeccable Eagle Claw Fist—his stances were solid, his claw techniques razor-sharp, his movements precise, and his execution flawless. Each posture was refined through accumulated combat experience and deep martial study, exuding a rare and profound "flavor" of martial artistry. His demonstration of the "Greeting Door Stomping Kick" (迎門跺腳) in the third route of "Walking Fist" conveyed such explosive power that it seemed to leap off the paper. His claw techniques were sharp as steel, rugged yet sophisticated, with at least ten variations of the "plucking hand" (叼手)—some with bent arms, others straight; some tracing large arcs, others small; some employing a screening force, others a sudden tearing motion; some using wrist-flicking to press and seal, and others featuring uniquely innovative techniques rarely transmitted. Even the slight tilt of a fist held profound knowledge and internal principles, leaving viewers in awe. 

 

Chen Zizheng’s Ten-Route Walking Fist was serialized in Shanghai’s Chin Woo Illustrated (Jingwu Huabao) starting from its second issue on August 30, 1927. Unfortunately, due to wartime disruptions, only about two-thirds of the material was published by the early 1930s. Each installment was credited as: "Techniques taught by Chen Zizheng; Written by Huang Weiqing; Illustrated and verified by Li Mingde and Li Peixian." Huang Weiqing, Li Mingde, and Li Peixian were among Chen’s most accomplished disciples. Huang’s explanations of the "Walking Fist" covered claw, fist, palm, footwork, kicks, applications, training methods, mental focus, and key points—demonstrating extraordinary depth. This reveals how meticulously Chen taught Yingzhao Quan. 

 

The combination of Chen’s flawless demonstrations, Huang’s profound annotations, and the rigorous illustrations by Li Mingde and Li Peixian forms a true "treasury of martial knowledge" for Yingzhao Fanzi Men, representing the most authoritative version of the "Walking Fist." Sadly, these invaluable historical materials, nearly a century old, have almost been lost to time. Few practitioners today are aware of them, and even fewer have studied them. Over generations, many movements in the "Ten-Route Walking Fist" have deviated from the original, losing their precision and essence. 

 

In 1986, Li Peixian and Jian Shikang published Yingzhao Fanzi Men’s Ten-Route Walking Fist, with Li’s son Li Jiaju demonstrating the forms. Li Peixian, possessing Chen Zizheng’s original demonstration photos and the Chin Woo Illustrated serialized materials, guided Li Jiaju’s movements to closely match Chen’s, ensuring high fidelity. The text largely followed Huang Weiqing’s original writings, though some classical Chinese was modernized, and certain terms were simplified—for example, in the first route, "external throw" (外扔) was changed to "external lead" (外引), and in the fifth route, "leaping stomp" (踊步跺腳) became "jumping蹬腳." Some descriptions were expanded, such as clarifying the "wrist-flicking plucking hand" in the second route as relying purely on wrist motion to trace small circles. The book also incorporated Li Peixian’s personal insights. 

 

To this day, Yingzhao Fanzi Men’s Ten-Route Walking Fist remains the most accurate published reference for the "Walking Fist," standing far above other versions found in books or online. 

 

### *Origins and Characteristics of the "Ten-Route Walking Fist"* 

1. *Creation*: According to Chen Zhengyao (1933–2009), son of Chen Guoqing (Chen Zizheng’s nephew and disciple), the "Ten-Route Walking Fist" was compiled by Chen Zizheng. He stated: "In 1919, while teaching at the Shanghai Chin Woo Association, Chen Zizheng based the 'Walking Fist' on four core sequences of Fanzi Quan—'Five Blocking Fist' (五攔拳), 'Lone Python Emerges from Shore' (獨蟒出岸), 'Five Elbows and Four Holds' (五肘四持), and 'Grappling and Tearing' (搏撕)—while incorporating techniques from 'Yue-style Eagle Hand' (岳氏鷹手)." [5] 

 

2. *Footwork Emphasis: The character "行" (walking) in "行拳" derives from the *Yunhui dictionary, meaning "left step from 彳, right step from 亍—only when both steps are raised does walking occur." Thus, the name highlights the relationship with footwork. The "Ten-Route Walking Fist" not only follows a linear back-and-forth structure but also heavily emphasizes leg techniques. While the "Continuous Fist" focuses on uninterrupted left-right hand attacks (with only the 50th sequence featuring a kick), the "Walking Fist" was deliberately designed to strengthen leg training. Routes 2–7 and 9 incorporate numerous practical yet unflashy kicks, such as the signature triple-kick combination in the third route: "Greeting Door Stomping Kick," "Side Body Stomping Kick," and "Lifting Yin Kick" (撩陰腿). 

 

3. *Training Focus: The "Continuous Fist" emphasizes *application, while the "Walking Fist" prioritizes training, particularly in rising and descending movements. For instance, every route’s turning elbow-block avoids the bow stance, instead requiring a deep "falling step" (仆腿) before surging upward with a punch—training both the falling step and rapid elevation shifts. Through such methods, practitioners develop "agile bodies," "light footwork," and "strong power." For example, the high leaping kick in the fifth route’s "Leaping Stomp" demands intense flexibility and leg strength, though in application, one need not kick as high—this exemplifies "training big, using small." Similarly, the "Double Elbows Clamping Ribs" and "Flat Fist in Line" postures in the first route are purely training methods to "loosen the shoulders, develop the deltoids and pectorals, with no direct combat application." [6] 

 

4. *Hidden Applications*: Like many traditional forms, some techniques in the "Walking Fist" deliberately conceal their applications or mask them within training methods. Unless the master explains them, disciples may never discover their true usage—examples include the "Insert Step Single Push" (插步單推) in the fifth route, "Body-Falling Method" (摔身法) and "Winding Elbow" (盤肘) in the sixth, and "Flashing Evasion" (閃展) in the tenth. Without knowing the real applications, practitioners cannot generate power accurately or adjust force points. 

 

5. *Power Generation: Yingzhao Quan’s power employs a blend of seven forces—*yin, yang, hard, soft, spring-like, inch, and crisp—requiring fluid transitions. "Using brute force or full strength is strictly forbidden, as excessive force makes one easy to control, and overcommitting leaves no room for retreat." [7] For example: 

   - The "Hammering Elbow" (砸肘) in the first route uses yin and crisp force. 

   - The "Wrist-Flicking Plucking Hand" in the second route employs soft, yin, and inch force. 

   - The "Horse-Covering Three Punches" (蓋馬三拳) in the sixth route combines yin, yang, hard, and crisp force. 

   - The "Overturning Fist" (翻拳) in the eighth route uses spring-like force. 

   - The "Horizontal Pressing Palm" (橫按掌) in the second route begins with soft force, borrowing the opponent’s energy to suddenly release yin-inch palm power into their abdomen. 

   Practicing the "Ten-Route Walking Fist" demands careful attention to these seven forces, cultivating a keen sense of power expression in Yingzhao Quan. 

 

6. *Combat Principles: The "Walking Fist" embodies the principles of "using stillness to counter motion, softness to overcome hardness, hardness within softness, softness within hardness, sticking and redirecting force, striking when the opponent’s old force has passed but new force has not yet formed." [8] Chen Zizheng said: "Eagle Claw Fist prioritizes *qi, supported by blood—for qi guides blood, and abundant qi ensures smooth blood flow. Blood carries nutrients, so robust blood means a strong body. Training only the external without the internal will never yield true effectiveness." [9] Thus, dedicated practitioners must also train Yingzhao’s claw conditioning and qigong methods, such as: 

   - "Hundred Grasps Exercise" (百把功) 

   - "Stone-Tapping Exercise" (點石功) 

   - "Supine Lying Exercise" (仰臥功) 

   - "Sleeping Exercise" (睡功) 

   - "Semen-Retention Qigong" (固精斂氣功) 

   - "Sky-Supporting Exercise" (托天功) 

   - "Waist-Strengthening Lung Expansion" (壯腰闊肺功) 

   - "Arm-Stiffening Exercise" (堅臂功) 

   - "Iron Palm Exercise" (鐵掌功) 

   - "Rib-Compacting Exercise" (駢肋功) 

   - "Iron Shoulder Exercise" (千斤鐵膊功) 

   - "Waist-Agility Abdomen Strengthening" (活腰堅腹功) 

   These methods are detailed in Chen Zizheng’s Summary of Boxing Techniques. 

 

7. *Later Developments*: Chen Guoqing, Chen Zizheng’s nephew-disciple, expanded the "Ten-Route Walking Fist" into twelve routes by incorporating techniques from the "Continuous Fist," such as "Flower Hidden in Leaves" (葉裡藏花), "Rear Insert Step" (後插步), "Following Wind Sweeping Leaves" (順風掃葉), "Close-Body Strike" (貼身靠打), and "Elbow-Guarding Thrusting Palm" (護肘插掌). The "Twelve-Route Walking Fist" is practiced among Chen Guoqing’s disciples. 

 

8. *This Publication: The "Ten-Route Walking Fist" presented in this blog strictly follows Chen Zizheng’s methods, supplemented with his original demonstration photos for reference. The explanatory text largely quotes or paraphrases Huang Weiqing’s writings from *Chin Woo Illustrated and Li Peixian & Jian Shikang’s Yingzhao Fanzi Men’s Ten-Route Walking Fist, with minor additions from the author’s decades of research. 

 

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### *Footnotes* 

[1] See "Preface by Li Zongwen" in Liu Fameng’s 108 Eagle Claw Seizing Techniques (Hong Kong: Qilin Books, 1981). 

[2] Li Ying’ang noted: "Chen Zizheng dominated the martial arts world in the early Republic of China." 

[5] Chen Zhengyao, Eagle Claw Fist (Beijing: Chinese People’s Public Security University Press, 2009), p. 2. 

[6] Huang Weiqing’s notes, Walking Fist Route 1, Chin Woo Illustrated No. 5 (Oct 15, 1927). 

[7] "Chen Zizheng on Combat," in Chen Guoqing & Zhang Xingyi’s Yingzhao Fanzi Quan (Shijiazhuang: Hebei Education Press, 1988), p. 381. 

[8] Li Peixian & Jian Shikang, Technical Features of Yingzhao Fanzi Men, in Ten-Route Walking Fist (Beijing: People’s Sports Publishing, 1986), p. 9. 

[9] Ten-Route Walking Fist, p. 9.